Technological Potential Analysis and Vacant Technology Forecasting in Properties and Composition of Low-Sulfur Marine Fuel Oil (VLSFO and ULSFO) Bunkered in Key World Ports

Analysis of the very-low-sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) and ultra-low-sulfur (ULSFO) bunkered in key ports Asia, Middle East, North America, Western Europe, Russia is presented. The characteristics said fuels, including density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, aluminum silicon vanadium nickel as well pour point are investigated. Furthermore, main trends correlations also discussed. Based on graphical mathematical analysis properties, composition fuels predicted. components Asian ports, most important which Singapore, hydrodesulfurized atmospheric residues (AR) (50–70%) catalytic cracker heavy cycle (HCO) (15–35%) with addition other components, explained by presence a number large refining centers area. In East used VLSFO compositions based available resources low-sulfur namely AR, production facilities were recently built region. European due to relatively low content processed oils, straight-run AR widely component marine fuels. addition, contain average significantly more hydrotreated vacuum gas (21%) than rest world (4–5%). Finally, mixture (80–90%) (10–15%) no 2.0–2.5% base Singapore East.